Debian11安装nginx

先下载ngnix源文件，apt安装必要的编译工具。

$ apt install -y build-essential libpcre3 libpcre3-dev openssl zlib1g-dev libssl-dev
# 下载源码
$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz

# 解压并准备编译
$ tar -xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
$ cd nginx-1.20.2


#--prefix：Nginx主要安装路径，后续Nginx子目录依照这个变量展开
#--user：设置Nginx进程启动时，所属的用户


$ ./configure \
  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
  --user=root \
  --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \
  --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \
  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
  --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
  --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \
  --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \
  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \
  --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \
  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \
  --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \
  --with-file-aio \
  --with-threads \
  --with-http_addition_module \
  --with-http_auth_request_module \
  --with-http_dav_module \
  --with-http_flv_module \
  --with-http_gunzip_module \
  --with-http_gzip_static_module \
  --with-http_mp4_module \
  --with-http_random_index_module \
  --with-http_realip_module \
  --with-http_secure_link_module \
  --with-http_slice_module \
  --with-http_ssl_module \
  --with-http_stub_status_module \
  --with-http_sub_module \
  --with-http_v2_module \
  --with-mail \
  --with-mail_ssl_module \
  --with-stream \
  --with-stream_realip_module \
  --with-stream_ssl_module \
  --with-stream_ssl_preread_module

输入配置命令后，如果按如下提示说明无误，可以进行编译

Configuration summary
  + using threads
  + using system PCRE library
  + using system OpenSSL library
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/var/run/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/var/log/nginx/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/client_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp"

编译顺利直接安装，然后创建systemctl守护服务

$ make install

$ vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

按如下内容填写

[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
      
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
      
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

这样一来，那么ngnix服务就已经安装好了，需要注意如下信息

/usr/local/nginx：为Nginx编译安装的地址。
/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf：Nginx默认配置文件。
使用systemctl对Nginx进行管理：
启动Nginx服务：systemctl start nginx。
重载Nginx配置：systemctl reload nginx。
停止Nginx服务：systemctl stop nginx。